• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a heating system (1) of a flow of gas flowing in a volume (2) delimited by a wall, said system comprising at least one compact tube source (10,11). The compact tube source comprises - a burner (100, 110) comprising a combustion chamber for burning an air / gas mixture under pressure, and - a heat exchanger tube (101, 111) capable of being placed at least partly in said volume, said heat exchanger tube having an upstream end connected to the combustion chamber of the burner and a downstream end intended to be disposed outside the volume (2), the heat exchanger tube being arranged in the pipe so that the gases of combustion of the burner flows in the heat exchanger tube (101,111) to heat the flow of gas flowing in the pipe.
    公开号:FR3022988A1
    申请号:FR1456015
    申请日:2014-06-26
    公开日:2016-01-01
    发明作者:Du Patrice Le；Yannick Madec
    申请人:PLDF；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of industrial heating systems for heating fluid in motion. STATE OF THE ART Many industries use heated fluids for drying or cooking products, particularly in the field of food processing or chemistry.
    [0002] The heating system of the invention will be presented here as part of a spray dryer for the production of dry products. In this type of installation, the product to be atomized is admitted to a drying chamber (or atomization tower) in the form of a liquid which is sprayed into a stream of hot air. In contact with hot air, the liquid evaporates in a few seconds and the solid particles are recovered at the outlet of the chamber. In these installations, the air admitted into the drying chamber is preheated in the inlet duct of the air flow. This heating of the air flow can be achieved by electrical resistors arranged in the intake duct. This type of heating is preferred over a burner that would produce a flame to heat the air flow because it does not pollute the air flowing in the intake pipe. Indeed, the presence of combustion residues in the intake air is not acceptable in the field of agribusiness or chemistry. Furthermore, the use of a flame in direct contact with the air to be heated is prohibited in certain areas, especially in spray towers to avoid any risk of explosion. The use of a heating system with electric resistances, however, has a major drawback: its operating cost is relatively high because of the high price of the electric kilowatt hour (kWh). It is also possible to use steam exchangers also arranged in the intake duct.
    [0003] The steam exchangers are in the form of tubes in which steam produced by a boiler circulates. This solution is not interesting because the efficiency of such exchangers is low. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a heating system for a gas stream having a low operating cost and a high efficiency. For this purpose, the invention proposes a system for heating a gas flow, such as an air flow, circulating in a volume delimited in part by a wall, said system comprising a source of heat production for heating said gas flow. According to the invention, the heat generating source (3) comprises at least one monotubular compact tube source, which compact tube source comprises - a burner comprising a combustion chamber for burning an air / gas pressure mixture, a heat exchanger tube capable of being placed at least partly in said volume, said heat exchanger tube having an upstream end connected to the combustion chamber of the burner and a downstream end intended to be disposed outside said volume, the heat exchanger tube being arranged in the pipe so that the pressurized combustion gases produced by the burner flow through the heat exchanger tube to heat the flow of gas flowing in the pipe. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to use the technique of Compact Immersible Tubes (TIC) burners for heating a flow of gas flowing in a volume delimited by at least one wall, this volume possibly being, for example, an intake duct. of gas or an enclosure in which circulates a flow of gas. The gas stream is heated by the pressurized (supercharged) combustion gases produced by the burner and flowing in a heat exchanger tube. The gas flow can be a flow of air or a mixture of air and gas. This heating system is particularly economical in terms of operating cost because the price per kilowatt-hour produced with gas is lower than the price per kilowatt hour of electricity. In addition, its efficiency is higher than the steam exchanger systems.
    [0004] Furthermore, the burner flame is never in direct contact with the flow of gas to be heated, which contributes to improving the safety of the installation in which is placed the heating system of the invention.
    [0005] According to a particular embodiment, the source of heat production comprises a plurality of monotubular compact tube sources whose compact tubes are arranged one behind the other in said volume to heat the gas flow one after another. According to an advantageous embodiment, the system further comprises a heat recovery source disposed outside said volume and able to recover at least a portion of the remaining heat in the combustion gases after passage through the pipe. This remaining heat recovery is operated at the flue gas discharge tube (or flue tube) of the compact tube heat source. According to a particular embodiment, the heat exchange tube comprising an upstream portion connected to the upstream end and disposed in the volume and a downstream portion connected to the downstream end and disposed outside the volume, the source of recovery heat pump comprises a cold liquid reservoir and at least a portion of said downstream portion of the heat exchange tube is disposed inside the reservoir for heating the cold liquid. Said downstream portion is the portion of the heat exchanger tube present outside the volume. This portion includes the flue tube. According to an advantageous embodiment, the heat recovered by said source of heat recovery is used to heat, upstream of said at least one compact tube source, the flow of gas flowing in the volume. According to a particular embodiment, the source of heat recovery further comprises a loop of liquid in a closed circuit equipped with a heat exchanger and in which the liquid of the tank circulates, said heat exchanger being disposed in said volume, in upstream of said at least one compact tube source, for preheating the flow of gas flowing in the volume. According to a particular embodiment, the upstream portion of the heat exchange tube is in the form of a coil comprising strands substantially parallel to each other and interconnected by bent portions, substantially in the general shape of U. This form in coil of the upstream portion of the heat exchanger tube allows to have a large heat exchange surface in a reduced volume.
    [0006] The invention also relates to a drying or cooking installation comprising a volume defined in part by a wall and in which circulates a flow of gas, such as an air flow, and a heating system for heating said gas flow. in said volume. According to the invention, the heating system is as defined above. According to a particular embodiment, the installation comprises an intake pipe for bringing said flow of gas into a receiving chamber, said duct forming said volume in which the flow of gas circulates and wherein the heating system heats said flow. gas. In another embodiment, the receiving chamber forms the volume in which the heating system heats said gas stream. In another embodiment, the receiving chamber comprises a liquid inlet capable of spraying liquid onto the heat exchanger tube of the heating system to create steam in said chamber. Other advantages may still be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the examples below, illustrated by the accompanying figures, given by way of illustration.
    [0007] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a heating system according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a spray drying installation comprising the heating system of FIG. FIG. 3 represents a schematic view of a cooking installation comprising a modified version of the heating system of FIG. 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring to FIG. 1, the heating system of the invention referenced 1 as a whole comprises one or more compact tube heat generating sources for heating an air flow, or more generally a flow of gas, flowing in a pipe 2. The pipe 2 is for example a pipe hot air inlet of a spray dryer. In the example of FIG. 1, the heating system 20 1 comprises two sources of compact tube heat production, referenced 10 and 11, the compact tubes of which are arranged one behind the other in the duct to heat one. after the other the flow of gas flowing in the pipe. Of course, the number of compact tube heat sources depends on the airflow temperature to be reached at the outlet of the pipe. The air flow is produced by fan 3 placed near the inlet of the pipe 2. The air flow entering the pipe is air coming from the outside. This air is advantageously filtered by a filter 4. The structure of a compact tube heat source, such as the heat source 10 or 11, is well known to those skilled in the art. This type of source is usually used for the production of hot liquids in baths, vats or balloons. The heat sources 10 and 11 each comprise a burner, respectively 100 and 110, and a single heat exchanger tube, respectively 101 and 111. The burner comprises a combustion chamber in which the combustion of a mixture of air is carried out. oxidant and pressurized fuel gas. The mixture is made in a premix chamber disposed upstream of the combustion chamber. In this premix chamber, oxidizing air having a pressure of about 100 mb is mixed with combustible gas having a pressure of about 300 mb. The mixture is homogenized before combustion through a homogenization grid placed between the premix chamber and the combustion chamber. After combustion, the pressurized hot gases leaving the combustion chamber, called combustion gases, circulate in the compact exchanger tube.
    [0008] The heat exchanger tubes each have an upstream end connected to the combustion chamber of the burner and a downstream end through which the combustion gases are discharged to the outside.
    [0009] Each of the heat exchanger tubes 101 and 111 comprises an upstream portion, respectively 101A and 111A, connected to the burner and disposed in the pipe 2 and a downstream portion, respectively 101B and 111B, disposed outside the pipe.
    [0010] In the example of FIG. 1, the upstream portion, 101A and 111A, of the heat-exchange tubes 10 and 11 is in the form of a coil comprising substantially straight strands, substantially parallel to each other, and interconnected by bent portions, substantially in the general shape of U. Although this is not visible in the figure, the diameter of the coil decreases in stages from its upstream end to its downstream end to maximize the heat exchange coefficients. The characteristics of the heat exchanger tube (diameter and number of strands in the upstream portion) are adapted to the amount of heat to be exchanged with the flow of air in the pipe. According to the invention, the supercharged combustion gases produced by the heat sources 10 and 11 heat the air flow in the pipe by heat exchange through the upstream portion of the compact tubes 101 and 111. The combustion chamber is advantageously disposed in the pipe 2 and also contributes to heating the flow of air flowing in the pipe.
    [0011] According to the invention, the combustion gases are not mixed with the air flow to be heated and therefore do not pollute it. Furthermore, the flame required for combustion is not in direct contact with the air flow of the pipe to prevent any spread of flame in the pipe and any risk of explosion. The heat sources 10 and 11 are controlled by a control circuit 12 to reach the desired temperature at the outlet of the pipe.
    [0012] For this purpose, many temperature sensors are provided for measuring the temperature of the air flow at different points of the pipe. A temperature measuring sensor is installed in the pipe for measuring the temperature T1 of the air flow upstream of the heat source 10. A second sensor is provided for measuring the temperature T2 of the air flow between the two sources of heat. heat 10 and 11. And a third sensor is provided for measuring the temperature T3 of the air flow downstream of the heat source 11, preferably at the outlet of the pipe 2. The temperatures T1, T2 and T3 are then used by the control circuit 12 to control the heat sources 10 and 11. Note that, depending on the temperature to be reached at the outlet of the pipe, the two sources of heat production can operate simultaneously or one after the other. It is also possible that one of the sources of heat production, said main source, operates continuously, the other source then being a backup source which is operated in case of failure of the main source. As shown in FIG. 1, the system of the invention advantageously also comprises at least one heat recovery source 13 intended to be disposed outside the pipe 2 and to recover at least part of the heat remaining in the combustion gases produced by the heat generating sources 10 and 11 after passing through the pipe.
    [0013] In the illustrated embodiment, the heat recovery source 13 comprises two reservoirs 130 and 131 containing cold liquid. Cold liquid here means a liquid having a temperature below the temperature of the combustion gases flowing in the downstream portion 101B or 111B of the heat exchanger tubes 101 and 111. At least a portion of the downstream portion 101B of the tube 101 is disposed. inside the tank 130 and is in contact with the liquid of this tank to exchange heat therewith. Similarly, at least a portion of the downstream portion 111B of the tube 111 is disposed within the reservoir 131 and is in contact with the liquid of the reservoir to exchange heat therewith.
    [0014] The liquid present inside the tank 130 serves to recover the remaining heat in the combustion gases produced by the heat source 10 before they are discharged to the outside. Similarly, the liquid present inside the tank 131 has the role of recovering the remaining heat in the combustion gases produced by the heat source 11 before their evacuation to the outside.
    [0015] This heat recovered by the liquid from the tanks can be used for different purposes but is preferably used to preheat the flow of air upstream of the heat source 10. For this purpose, the heat recovery source 13 further comprises a closed loop of liquid 14 connected to the two tanks 130 and 131 and equipped with a heat exchanger 140. The tanks 130 and 131 are connected in series in the loop. The same liquid therefore flows through the two tanks 130 and 131, the loop 14 and the heat exchanger 140. The loop 14 is also provided with a circulator 141 for circulating the liquid in the loop. An expansion vessel 143 is also present in the loop 14 to compensate for the expansion of the liquid.
    [0016] In this embodiment, a heat exchange between the combustion gases of the source 10 and the liquid of the loop is carried out in the tank 130 and another heat exchange between the combustion gases of the source 11 and the liquid of the the loop is made in the tank 131. The heat recovered by the liquid of the loop 14 is then retransferred by the exchanger 140 to the airstream upstream of the heat source 10.
    [0017] The system advantageously comprises a mechanism for preventing the liquid from vaporizing in the loop 14. In this embodiment, it is intended to short-circuit the portion of the downstream portion 101B or 111B present in the reservoir 130 or 131 before the liquid the loop goes into the gaseous state. For this purpose, in FIG. 1, the downstream portion 101B of the tube 101 is equipped with a bypass 102 present outside the tank 130 to allow the exhaust of the combustion gases from the heat source 10 outwards. without passing through the reservoir 130. This branch 102 is equipped with a flap 103 to allow or not the passage of combustion gases in said branch. A flap 104 is also provided in the portion of the downstream portion 101B present in the tank 130 to allow or not the passage of the combustion gases from the source 10 in said downstream portion of portion. The flaps 103 and 104 are alternately open.
    [0018] The shutter 103 is closed (the passage of the combustion gases in the bypass 102 is then prevented) and the flap 104 is open (the passage of the combustion gases in the tube portion contained in the reservoir is then allowed) when the temperature at the outlet of the tank 130 is lower than the vaporization temperature Tvap of the liquid in the loop. Tvap is of the order of 100 ° C if the liquid of the loop is water. In contrast, the flap 103 is open and the flap 104 is closed when the temperature 14 at the outlet of the tank 130 is greater than or equal to Tvap. To avoid any risk of vaporization, it is possible to set a lower opening temperature of the flap 103, for example between 90 ° C and 100 ° C.
    [0019] The same bypass mechanism is provided at the tank 131. The downstream portion 111B of the tube 111 is equipped with a bypass 112 present outside the tank 131 to allow the evacuation of the combustion gases from the heat source 10 without passing through the reservoir 130. This bypass 102 is equipped with a flap 113 to allow or not the passage of the combustion gases in said bypass. A flap 114 is also present in the portion of the downstream portion 101B present in the reservoir 131 to allow or not the passage of the combustion gases from the source 11 in said downstream portion of portion. The flap 114 is open (and the flap 113 is closed) when the temperature T5 at the outlet of the tank 131 is lower than Tvap. In contrast, the flap 113 is open (and the flap 114 is closed) when the temperature T5 at the outlet of the tank 130 is greater than or equal to Tvap. Temperature sensors are present on the loop 14, at the outlet of the tanks 130 and 131, for measuring the temperatures 14 and T5 and a control circuit 142 is provided for controlling, as previously described, the flaps 103, 104, 113 and 114 depending on the temperatures 14 and T5. In this embodiment, the flaps 103, 104, 113 and 114 are motorized shutters controllable by the control circuit 142. The heat recovered by the liquid of the loop 14 is transferred to the air flow in the pipe 2 by means of of the heat exchanger 140 which is a water / air exchanger. Additional heat exchangers may of course be added upstream or downstream of the heat generating sources 10 and 11 to increase the heating capacity of the system. The operating cost of such a heating system is particularly interesting because the price per kilowatt hour produced directly with gas (as is the case in the present invention) is lower than the price per kilowatt hour. produced with electricity (as is the case with an electrical resistance system). Depending on the power and number of compact tube heat sources and the possible presence of additional heat exchangers, it is possible to produce hot air having a temperature in the range of 200 or 300 ° C or more. The embodiment described above is given by way of example. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that it can be modified, especially as regards the number of sources of heat production tube, the shape of compact tubes, the presence or absence of heat recovery system . The heating system shown in Figure 1 can be used in many facilities such as in a spray drying system as shown in Figure 2. The references of the elements already present in Figure 1 are shown in Figure 2. With reference to FIG. 2, the spray drying installation comprising a fan 3 for supplying an air flow in a pipe 2, a heating system 1 for heating the air flow in the pipe 2 and a drying chamber 5 in which the heated air stream is diffused through a diffuser 6. The liquid product to be dried is sprayed into the drying chamber by means of a sprayer 7. The flow of hot air and the sprayed product are introduced into the drying chamber 5 from above. The drying chamber has an upper portion 5A of cylindrical shape and a lower portion 5B of conical shape. The sprayer 7 transforms the product to be dried into a mist of fine drops. The drops evaporate in the drying chamber in contact with the hot air flow. Dry product particles are formed and are then driven by the moist air stream to a separation block 8 disposed at the lower end of the conical portion 5B. Block 8 separates the dry product particles from the moist air.
    [0020] The above application describes the case where the heating system is used to heat a flow of gas in a pipe. Other applications can be envisaged, for example cooking products with a flow of gas circulating in an enclosure. Figure 3 illustrates an example of a cooking installation of food products, such as pies or sausages, employing the heating system of the invention.
    [0021] The cooking installation comprises a cooking chamber 3, an air intake pipe 2 to bring a flow of air into the chamber and a heating system 1 partially identical to that shown in FIG. airflow in the enclosure 3. The same references were used to designate the same elements. In this installation, the heating system has only one source of heat (the heat source 10) and the heat recovery system 13 has only one tank (the tank 130). The air intake pipe supplies air G the enclosure at an upper wall thereof. The heat exchanger tube 101 of the source 10 is disposed in the upper portion of the enclosure 2 'and the products P (pies, sausages, ...) to be cooked are placed in the lower portion of the enclosure so that the air flow of the pipe 2 is heated by the heat exchanger tube 101 before reaching the pies P. The air flowing in the pipe is preheated by the heat exchanger 140. The latter is disposed in the pipe 2 but, alternatively, could be disposed in the enclosure 3 upstream of the heat exchanger tube 101.
    [0022] Note that during cooking, for some products such as pâtés or sausages, it is recommended to moisten them regularly to prevent them from cracking. Also, the chamber is advantageously equipped with a water inlet 4 for regularly spraying the heat exchanger tube 101 with water E to create, inside the enclosure 3, a humid atmosphere allowing avoid cracking of products during cooking.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A heating system (1) for a gas flow, such as an air flow, flowing in a volume (2) delimited in part by a wall, said system comprising a heat generating source for heating said flow of gas, characterized in that the heat generating source comprises at least one compact tube monotube source (10,11), which compact tube source comprises - a burner (100, 110) comprising a combustion chamber for burning an air mixture pressure gas, a heat exchanger tube (101, 111) capable of being placed at least partly in said volume, said heat exchanger tube having an upstream end connected to the combustion chamber of the burner and a downstream end intended for being disposed outside the volume (2), the heat exchanger tube being arranged in the pipe so that the pressurized combustion gases produced by the burner circulate in the heat exchanger tube (101, 11 1) to heat the flow of gas flowing in the pipe.
    [0002]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat generating source comprises a plurality of compact tube sources (10,11) whose compact tubes are arranged one behind the other in the volume to heat one. after another the gas flow.
    [0003]
    3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises a heat recovery source (13) disposed outside the volume and able to recover at least a portion of the remaining heat in the gas combustion products produced by said at least one compact tube heat source (10,11) after passing through said volume.
    [0004]
    4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger tube (101,111) comprises an upstream portion (101A, 111A) connected to the upstream end and disposed in the volume and a downstream portion (101B, 111B) connected at the downstream end and disposed outside the volume, and in that the heat recovery source comprises a reservoir (130, 131) of cold liquid and in that at least a portion of said downstream portion of the heat exchanger tube. heat is arranged inside the tank to warm the cold liquid.
    [0005]
    5. System according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the heat recovered by said heat recovery source is used to heat, upstream of said at least one compact tube source, the flow of gas flowing in said volume.
    [0006]
    6. System according to claim 4 or claim 5, itself dependent on claim 4, characterized in that the heat recovery source (13) further comprises a liquid loop (14) in a closed circuit equipped with a heat exchanger (140) in which the reservoir liquid (130, 141) circulates, said heat exchanger being disposed in said volume, upstream of said at least one compact tube source, for preheating the flow of gas flowing in said volume.
    [0007]
    7. System according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the upstream portion (101A, 111A) of the heat exchange tube is in the form of a coil comprising strands substantially parallel to each other and connected between they by bent parts, substantially in the general shape of U.
    [0008]
    8. Drying or cooking plant 20 comprising a volume (2) delimited in part by a wall and in which circulates a flow of gas, such as an air flow, and a heating system (1) for heating said gas flow in said volume, characterized in that the heating system (1) is in accordance with the system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
    [0009]
    9. Installation according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises an inlet pipe (2) for bringing said gas flow into a receiving chamber, said pipe forming said volume in which the heating system heats said flow of gas.
    [0010]
    10. Installation according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises an intake pipe (2) for bringing said gas flow into a receiving chamber (9), said receiving chamber (9) forming said volume in which the heating system heats said gas flow.
    [0011]
    11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the receiving chamber (9) comprises a liquid inlet (90) adapted to spray liquid on the heat exchanger tube of the heating system to create steam in said chamber .
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2835026T3|2021-06-21|
    FR3022988B1|2020-11-20|
    EP2960593B1|2020-09-30|
    EP2960593A1|2015-12-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP0395457A1|1989-03-24|1990-10-31|Gaz De France |Process and apparatus for heating a flow of a gaseous fluid by successive heat exchanges|
    DE4308522A1|1993-03-17|1994-09-22|Flucorrex Ag Flawil|Air-heating installation for indirect heating of air for drying installations|
    US20140083648A1|2012-09-25|2014-03-27|Venmar Ces, Inc.|Dedicated outdoor air system with pre-heating and method for same|CN106931767A|2017-04-28|2017-07-07|南通永大管业股份有限公司|Multifunction pipe-type drying unit|
    CN105570925B|2016-02-20|2017-10-17|程义浩|The auxiliary combustion equipment of egg braceing machine drying baker combustion chamber|
    CN105928351B|2016-06-17|2019-02-15|四川恒飞机电设备有限公司|A kind of printing equipment air heat energy recyclable device|
    CN109845950B|2019-04-03|2022-01-21|河南工业大学|Dietary fiber drying device|
    法律状态:
    2015-05-11| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-01-01| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160101 |
    2016-05-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-06-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-06-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-10-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-06-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-06-04| TP| Transmission of property|Owner name: CHAUFFAGE INDUSTRIEL, FR Effective date: 20210426 |
    2021-06-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1456015A|FR3022988B1|2014-06-26|2014-06-26|GAS FLOW HEATING SYSTEM AND INSTALLATION USING LEDIT SYSTEM|FR1456015A| FR3022988B1|2014-06-26|2014-06-26|GAS FLOW HEATING SYSTEM AND INSTALLATION USING LEDIT SYSTEM|
    ES15173859T| ES2835026T3|2014-06-26|2015-06-25|Gas flow heating system and installation using this system|
    EP15173859.8A| EP2960593B1|2014-06-26|2015-06-25|System for heating a gas flow and installation using such a system|
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